Consumand zilnic vitamine antioxidante naturale, provenite din legume si fructe proaspete, se va asigura energia, vitalitatea, protectia fata de starile de stres si tensiune, instalandu-se un sentiment de buna dispozitie si incredere in viata.
Consumul corect de vitamine determina evitarea cancerelor, a accidentelor cardiace si pulmonare, a cataractelor, a infectiilor virale si bacteriene.
De aceea, regimul alimentar trebuie sa fie rational intocmit si strict controlat. Ratia zilnica de vitamine se va controla tinand seama de:
- anotimp (iarna, corpul uman are nevoie de mai multe vitamine decat vara)
- sex (barbatii au nevoie de mai multe vitamine decat femeile)
- varsta (copiii si adolescentii au nevoie de mai multe vitamine decat adultii)
Intrucat vitaminele se degradeaza usor la temperaturi ridicate, se va lua in considerare faptul ca cea mai mare parte din potentialul lor activ se va pierde, treptat, in toate etapele de prelucrare a alimentelor: stocare, congelare, incalzire, fierbere.
O carenta de vitamine poate frana dezvoltarea normala a intelectului, atat la varstnici, cat si la copii, ceea ce arata ca un aport echilibrat de vitamine, impreuna cu sarurile minerale, ar putea contribui la sporirea inteligentei. Dar si abuzul de vitamine poate duce la grave intoxicatii si perturbari fiziologice. Aceste abateri sunt foarte frecvente la americani, care consuma cantitati exagerate de vitamine, indiferent de anotimp si de ora din zi. Ei cred ca acest consum masiv de vitamine (din pacate sintetice) ii va apara de cancere si de accidente cardiovasculare.
Vezi și
Ca o concluzie generala se poate arata ca vitaminele naturale, preluate prin alimente, constituie o garantie de sanatate, vitalitate si tonus fizic si psihic. Nu acelasi lucru se poate spune despre vitaminele sintetice care, luate in contitati excesive, aduc profituri uriase trusturilor farmaceutice, dar ruineaza sanatatea consumatorilor.
De ce sunt mai bune vitaminele naturale
Studiul detaliat al vitaminelor antioxidante demonstreaza ca acestea au functii specifice dar, in acelasi timp, sunt dependente unele de altele pentru a-si exercita efectele reglatoare intr-o nutritie sanatoasa.
Pentru a mentine organismul in stare de perfecta functionare, cu un sistem imunitar activ, este absolut necesara o suplimentare a alimentatiei cu vitamine naturale, mai ales in conditiile vietuirii intr-un mediu extern puternic poluat si cu o hrana zilnica dezordonata si hipocalorica, tot mai saraca in vitamine, datorita conservantilor, aditivilor, a produsilor de sinteza chimica si a excesului de alcool si tutun.
In actiunea de inlocuire a vitaminelor naturale din legume si fructe proaspete cu vitamine sintetice este necesar sa se stie ca produsele sintetizate sunt create prin reconstituirea structurii moleculare a vitaminelor naturale, combinand chimic diferite surse organice sau anorganice. Acestea nu contin compusi sinergici, coenzime, activatori si aditivi enzimatici. Din aceasta cauza, corpul va primi un procent mai mic de materii energizante si metabolizante, comparativ cu vitaminele naturale din plante.
Protectia cea mai mare contra actiunii vatamatoare a radicalilor liberi este oferita de vitaminele naturale, existente intr-o doza mai ridicata in legume si fructe proaspete. Cercetari recente au dovedit ca aportul de vitamine sintetice, luate sub forma de pastile, nu are aceleasi efecte, comparativ cu vitaminele naturale din produsele vegetale. Explicatia acestei eficiente a vitaminelor naturale este data de prezenta in coaja fructelor si legumelor a unor substrante colorate, numite bioflavonoizi, care au rol esential in cresterea eficientei vitaminelor naturale. De altfel, nu s-a dovedit cu certitudine ca vitaminele sintetice ar avea capacitatea de a proteja organismele impotriva radicalilor liberi care pun sanatatea omului in mari pericole. Se spune chiar ca unele vitamine de sinteza ar putea fi daunatoare, reducand durata de viata la persoanele cu un consum prea mare.
Categoriile de persoane care necesita suplimentari vitaminice
Suplimentarea vitaminelor antioxidante devine tot mai necesara in anumite cazuri:
- primavara este utila o intarire a sistemului imunitar dupa deficitul vitaminic acumulat in timpul iernii, cand alimentatia este mai saraca in fructe si legume proaspete;
- sugarii, copiii si adolescentii in crestere au nevoie de o suplimentare a vitaminelor, a surselor energetice si a nutrientilor esentiali;
- adultii cu o carenta vitaminica acuta au un risc ridicat de a imbatrani chiar de la varsta de 25 de ani, devenind fiinte suferinde si permanent obosite;
- persoanele care sufera de boli cronice, ce perturba absorbtia si digestia vitaminelor, au nevoie de o suplimentare bine controlata;
- femeile cu scaderi severe de hemoglobina, cauzate de pierderile de sange in timpul ciclurilor menstruale, necesita un adaus vitaminic bine echilibrat;
- acelasi aport de vitamine naturale se impune la femeile aflate in postmenopauza, cand scaderea nivelului de estrogeni duce la pierderea densitatii masei osoase, respectiv la instalarea osteoporozei;
- persoanele in varsta, cu functii fiziologice si metabolice diminuate, au nevoie de stimulente vitaminice, cu actiuni de ridicare a imunitatii si a rezistentei la agentii externi, declansatori de boli grave, prevenind cancerele, afectiunile cardiace, osteoporoza si reumatismele.
Recomandari privind utilizarea judicioasa
In utilizarea vitaminelor antioxidante naturale se pot face cateva recomandari:
- evitarea consumului excesiv de grasimi, zahar rafinat si dulciuri care reduc absorbtia vitaminelor la nivelul intestinului subtire;
- pregatirea alimentelor cu atentie pentru a evita degradarea vitaminelor prin fierbere si prajire;
- gatirea alimentelor se va face prin inabusire, in vase acoperite si cu cat mai putina apa;
- pastrarea legumelor si fructelor sa se faca la rece si ferite de lumina;
- curatirea cruditatilor se va face chiar inainte de utilizare, evitand actiunea oxidanta a aerului;
- asigurati necesarul zilnic de vitamine naturale prin consumul de legume si fructe proaspete, renuntand, pe cat posibil, la folosirea irationala de medicamente de sinteza chimica, cu efect de franare a absorbtiei vitaminelor;
- consumul de vitamine sa fie moderat, respectand dictonul latin: „est modus in rebus – exista o masura in toate“, prin care poetul Horatius intelegea ca nu trebuie depasite limitele normalului;
- extinderea practicii de utilizare a sucurilor naturale, extrase din legume proaspete (morcov, sfecla rosie, telina, patrunjel-radacini, castraveti, spanac), care pot constitui o sursa vitala de sanatate pentru orice organism, fiind mai usor digerate si asimilate.
Vitamina C, cea mai importanta pentru organism
Din suita vitaminelor necesare pentru buna functionare a organismului, una dintre cele esentiale este vitamina C. Aceasta este o vitamina hidrosolubila, de o importanta capitala datorita proprietatilor antioxidante, antiinfectioase, antihemoragice, antitoxice si antianemice.
Denumirea vitaminei deriva de la proprietatea de a vindeca scorbutul, o boala foarte frecventa pana la inceputul secolului XX.
Ca substanta antioxidanta, neutralizeaza actiunea vatamatoare a radicalilor liberi si protejeaza organismul contra unor tipuri de cancere prin blocarea activitatii unei proteine numita HIF-1 (factor indus de hipoxie). In acest mod, vitamina C blocheaza dezvoltarea tumorilor canceroase.
Important este rolul intaritor al sistemului imunitar impotriva agentilor cancerigeni, in distrugerea toxinelor din corp si in combaterea afectiunilor virale, a starilor gripale si a agresiunii bacteriene.
In afectiunile cardiovasculare amelioreaza maladiile coronariene prin revigorarea vaselor sanguine, iar prin curatirea colesterolului din interiorul vaselor, previne tensiunea arteriala si ateroscleroza. In plus, contribuie la producerea hematiilor (globule rosii) si a hemoglobinei la nivelul maduvei oaselor. Aceasta actiune este urmarea capacitatii de legare a fierului, prezent in tractul intestinal prin alimentatie.
Prin actiunea antihistaminica, acidul ascorbic este eficace in tratarea alergiilor si in reducerea crizelor de astm bronsic si emfizem pulmonar, mai ales la fumatori.
Reface discurile vertebrale si ligamentele
Un rol important al vitaminei C este legat de refacerea discurilor vertebrale, a tendoanelor si ligamentelor, asigurand formarea si sanatatea oaselor, a dintilor si a tesuturilor la persoane care au suferit diferite raniri si contuzii la nivelul sistemului osos, a gingiilor si a muschilor.
In ficat actioneaza la hidroxilarea colesterolului in acizi biliari, ducand la reducerea cantitatii de colesterol „rau“ – LDL si la detoxifierea diversilor compusi xenobiotici.
La nivelul sistemului nervos intervine in transformarea tirozinei in noradrenalina.
In combinatie cu vitamina A, previne opacizarea cristalinului, care provoaca cataracta si opreste procesul de degenerescenta maculara retiniana.
Fiind inplicata in sinteza colagenului, vitamina C are o mare contributie in cicatrizarea tesuturilor distruse si in pastrarea intacta a tenului, prevenind aparitia ridurilor.
La persoanele cu activitate fizica si intelectuala foarte intensa, vitamina C contribuie la inlaturarea starilor de oboseala, stres, anxietate si depresie psihica, exercitand rolul de tonifiant al functiilor vitale.
Vitamina C se distruge usor in timpul prepararii alimentelor
Doza zilnica recomandata in perioade mai lungi este de 60-100 mg acid ascorbic la persoane adulte, 30-50 mg la copii si 20-30 mg la bebelusii sub 6 luni.
O atentie aparte se cuvine a fi acordata fumatorilor, care, la un consum de 20 tigari pe zi, pierd circa 25% din continutul vitaminic existent in sange. La fumatorii cu peste 20 de tigari pe zi deficitul de acid ascorbic ajunge la 40% datorita efectelor negative ale nicotinei si oxidului de carbon care maresc nevoia de oxigen pentru muschiul cardiac si pentru creier, ducand la intoxicatii grave, infarct miocardic, congestie cerebrala si foarte frecvente tromboflebite la membrele inferioare.
Trebuie sa amintim ca organismul uman nu are capacitatea de a sintetiza necesarul de acid ascorbic si de aceea se va procura prin alimente sau suplimente externe. In plus, vitamina C este foarte sensibila la temperaturi ridicate si se distruge usor in timpul prepararii alimentelor la foc.
Scorbutul, boala carentei de vitamina C
Formele de avitaminoza C au fost cunoscute inca din cele mai vechi timpuri, manifestate prin unele boli grave cum sunt: scorbutul, caderea dintilor, sangerarea gingiilor, hemoragii cerebrale si afectiuni osoase. Se cunoaste ca peste 100.000 de marinari englezi au murit din cauza carentei in vitamina C.
O legenda interesanta prezinta un episod din timpul calatoriilor navigatorului Cristofor Columb. Multi dintre marinarii sai portughezi s-au imbolnavit de scorbut si au cerut sa fie debarcati in cea mai apropiata insula, preferand sa moara pe uscat decat la bordul vasului de unde vor fi aruncati in mare si devorati de rechini. Dupa cateva luni, Columb a revenit cu vasul sau in insula unde isi lasase marinarii bolnavi dar, spre marea sa surpriza, i-a gasit sanatosi si vigurosi. Care a fost explicatia? In insula era o abundenta de fructe proaspete, bogate in vitamina C. Dupa aceasta intamplare insula a primit denumirea de Curacao (cure – vindecare).
Semnele avitaminozelor
Primul simptom caracteristic este scorbutul, o boala foarte frecventa printre marinari, militari, exploratori si misionari. Apare o sangerare acuta a gingiilor, caderea dintilor, fragilitatea oaselor, dureri articulare, irascibilitate, oboseala generala, caderea parului, deshidratarea pielii, depresie psihica, anemie si scaderea accentuata a vitalitatii organismului.
Intrucat sunt posibile si complicatii hemoragice, inclusiv hemoragii cerebrale, pericardiace si nazale, avitaminozele C trebuie sa fie tratate cu mare atentie pentru a evita fazele letale, cu moarte iminenta.
Ardeii grasi, surse proaspete ale vitaminei
Sursele naturale de vitamina C sunt atat vegetale, cat si animale.
- sursele vegetale se gasesc mai ales in legume proaspete, ca: ardei grasi (verzi, galbeni si rosii), varza cruda (alba si rosie), broccoli, conopida, gulii, spanac, salata verde, stevie, patrunjel, marar, tomate, tarhon, cartofi, unele soiuri de ridichi, hrean, mustar si mazare verde. In fructe, continutul cel mai ridicat se gaseste in citrice (lamai, portocale, mandarine, grapfruturi), apoi in catina alba, coacaze (negre si rosii), zmeura, capsuni, fragi, mure, coarne, macese, afine, agrise, kiwi, papaya si pepene galben. In doze ceva mai reduse se gaseste in mere, pere, caise, struguri, banane si stafide negre.
- sursele animale sunt: ficat, rinichi, creier, inima si lapte.
Este adevarat ca din aceste surse, vitamina C este distrusa prin fierbere, conservare sau expunere la lumina si de aceea se recomanda consumul in stare proaspata sau dupa pastrare prin congelare.
Aceasta vitamina este eliminata rapid pe cale renala, nu se stocheaza intacta in organism si nu provoaca un risc de intoxicatie vitaminica. Cu toate acestea este hazardata intentia unor parinti de a administra copiilor cantitati masive de acid ascobic la gandul dobandirii unei inteligente sporite. Se indica o precautie in consumul acestei vitamine, intrucat sunt posibile unele dereglari de sanatate cum ar fi generarea de calculi renali, simptome de diaree si cresterea concentratiei de silicati din sange.
Articolul a fost publicat in ziarul LUMINA Autor: prof.univ.dr. Constantin MILICÃ
Consuming natural antioxidant vitamins daily, from fresh fruits and vegetables will provide energy, vitality, protection from stress and tension states, setting up a feeling of well being and confidence in life.
Need antioxidant vitamins are a major problem, more acute in modern humans in stressful living conditions in an increased urbanization, the removal of pure nature and imitators in a heavily polluted environment, factors favoring generating free radicals so aggressive on human health. Now begin to predominate trend toward inactivity, reducing continuous exercise and cessation activities performed outdoors.
Determine the correct use of vitamins prevent cancer, heart and lung accidents, Cataracts, viral and bacterial infections.
Therefore, the diet must be rationally drawn and strictly controlled. Daily intake of vitamins must be checked taking into account:
- Season (winter, the human body needs more vitamins than summer)
- Sex (men need more vitamins than women)
- Age (children and teenagers need more vitamins than adults)
Since vitamins are easily degrade at high temperatures, it will take into account that most of their active potential is lost gradually in all stages of food processing: storage, freezing, heating, cooking.
A deficiency of vitamins can brake the normal development of the intellect, both elderly and children, which shows that a balanced intake of vitamins, mineral salts along with, could contribute to increased intelligence. But misuse of vitamins can cause serious poisoning and physiological disturbances. These deviations are common to Americans who consume excessive amounts of vitamins, regardless of season and time of day. They believe that this massive consumption of vitamins (synthetic unfortunately) will appear cancers and strokes.
As a general conclusion it can be shown that natural vitamins taken with food, is a guarantee of health, vitality and physical and mental tone. Not the same can be said about synthetic vitamins taken in excess Account bring huge profits pharmaceutical trusts, but ruin the health of consumers.
Why are the best natural vitamins
Detailed study of antioxidant vitamins demonstrate that they have specific functions but at the same time are dependent on each other in order to exert regulatory effects in healthy nutrition.
To keep the body in perfect working condition with an active immune system is absolutely necessary to supplement the diet with vitamins, especially Free Living conditions in external environment heavily polluted and a disorderly and calorie daily diet, more low in vitamins, because preservatives, additives, produced by chemical synthesis and excess alcohol and tobacco.
The action of replacing natural vitamins fresh fruits and vegetables with synthetic vitamins necessary to know that the synthesized products are created by reconstituting the molecular structure of natural vitamins by combining different chemical organic or inorganic sources. They contain compounds synergists, coenzymes, enzyme activators and additives. Because of this, the body will receive a lower percentage of energy materials and metabolized compared with natural plant vitamins.
Highest protection against harmful action of free radicals is provided by natural vitamins existing in a higher dose in fresh fruits and vegetables. Recent research has shown that synthetic vitamins taken in pill form, it has the same effects as compared with natural vitamins from vegetable products. The explanation of this efficient natural vitamins are present in the skin on fruits and vegetables of colored substrate, called bioflavonoids, which are instrumental in increasing the efficiency of natural vitamins. Nor certainly proved that synthetic vitamins have the capacity to protect organisms against free radicals that put human health in great danger. It is even said that some synthetic vitamins may be harmful, reducing lifespan in people with excessive consumption.
Categories of persons who require extra vitamin
Antioxidant vitamin supplementation is becoming more necessary in certain cases:
- Spring is useful strengthening of the immune system after vitamin deficit accumulated during the winter, when food is low in fruits and vegetables;
- Infants, children and adolescents increasing need an additional vitamins, essential nutrients and energy sources;
- Adults with acute vitamin deficiency have a high risk of aging even at age 25, becoming permanently tired and suffering beings;
- People who suffer from chronic diseases that disrupt absorption and digestion of vitamins, need an additional well controlled;
- Women with severe decreases in hemoglobin, caused by loss of blood during menstrual cycles requires a well-balanced vitamin admixture;
- Same intake of vitamins is necessary in postmenopausal women, when estrogen levels decline leading to loss of bone density, osteoporosis, respectively;
- Elderly people with diminished physiological and metabolic functions, need vitamin incentives with actions waiver of immunity and resistance to external agents, triggering serious diseases, preventing cancer, heart disease, osteoporosis and rheumatism.
Recommendations for judicious use
The use of natural antioxidant vitamins can make some recommendations:
- Avoid excessive consumption of fat, refined sugar and sweets that reduce the absorption of vitamins in the small intestine;
- Preparing food with vitamins carefully to avoid degradation by boiling and frying;
- Food cooking will be done by suppression in pots covered with less water;
- Preserving vegetables and fruits to make cold, dark;
- Cruditatile cleaning will be done just before use, avoiding oxidizing action of the air;
- Make the daily vitamins by eating fresh fruits and vegetables, giving, if possible, the irrational use of drugs by chemical synthesis, the braking effect of the absorption of vitamins;
- Moderate consumption of vitamins to be respecting Latin dictum "modus in rebus east - there is a measure in all" by the poet Horace understood that should not be exceeded normal limits;
- Extending the practice of using natural juices extracted from vegetables (carrot, beet, celery, parsley-root, cucumber, spinach), which can be a vital source of health for any body and is more easily digested and assimilated.
Vitamin C, the most important for the body
Suite vitamins necessary for proper functioning of the body, is one of the essential vitamin C. It is a water-soluble vitamin, of paramount importance due to its antioxidant properties, anti-infective, Bleeding, antitoxic and anemic.
The name vitamin is derived from the property to cure scurvy, a disease very common until the early twentieth century.
As antioxidants, neutralizes the harmful action of free radicals and protects the body against some cancers by blocking the activity of a protein called HIF-1 (hypoxia-induced factor). In this way, vitamin C blocks the growth of cancerous tumors.
Important is the role of the immune system strengthener against carcinogens in destroying toxins in combating viral diseases, the flu and bacterial aggression.
In coronary artery disease improves cardiovascular disease by invigorating blood vessels, and by cleansing cholesterol inside blood vessels, prevents blood pressure and atherosclerosis. In addition, contributes to erythrocyte (red blood cells) and hemoglobin in the bone marrow. This action is due to iron binding capacity present in the intestinal tract through food.
The antihistaminic action, ascorbic acid is effective in treating allergies and asthma reducing asthma and emphysema, especially in smokers.
Restores vertebral discs and ligaments
An important role of vitamin C is related to the restoration of vertebral discs, tendons and ligaments, providing training and healthy bones, teeth and tissues in people who have suffered various injuries and contusions to the bone, gums and muscles.
Hydroxylation in the liver act on cholesterol to bile acids, resulting in reducing the amount of "bad" cholesterol - LDL and detoxification of various xenobiotic compounds.
Nervous system occurs in the transformation of tyrosine to norepinephrine.
In combination with vitamin A, prevents clouding the lens, causing cataracts and macular retinal degeneration process stops.
As inplicata in collagen synthesis, vitamin C has a great contribution in healing damaged tissues and preserved skin and prevent wrinkles.
In people with intellectual and intense physical activity, vitamin C helps to remove fatigue, stress, anxiety and mental depression, exerting tonic role of vital functions.
Vitamin C is easily destroyed during food preparation
Daily dose is recommended for longer periods of 60-100 mg ascorbic acid in adults, 30-50 mg in children and 20 to 30 mg in babies under 6 months.
A special attention ought to be given to smokers who, at a rate of 20 cigarettes per day, lost about 25% of existing vitamin content in the blood. Smokers with more than 20 cigarettes per day ascorbic acid deficiency up to 40% due to the negative effects of nicotine and carbon monoxide which increases the need for oxygen to heart muscle and brain, leading to severe poisoning, myocardial infarction, stroke and very frequent thrombophlebitis of the lower limbs.
You must remember that the human body is unable to synthesize ascorbic acid requirement and therefore will get through food or supplements external. In addition, vitamin C is very sensitive to high temperatures and are easily destroyed during food preparation fire.
Scurvy, vitamin C deficiency disease
Forms of avitaminosis C have been known since ancient times, manifested by some serious diseases such as scurvy, tooth loss, bleeding gums, bleeding brain and bone diseases. It is known that over 100,000 British sailors died because of deficiency in vitamin C.
An interesting legend shows an episode of navigator Christopher Columbus journeys. Many of his Portuguese sailors were sick with scurvy and demanded to be landed at the nearest island, preferring to die on land than on board of which will be thrown into the sea and devoured by sharks. After a few months, Columbus came boat or island where sailors had left their sick but, to his great surprise, he found them healthy and vigorous. What was the explanation? The island was an abundance of fresh fruit rich in vitamin C. After this random island was named Curacao (cure - healing).
Signs of vitamin deficiencies
The first symptom is characteristic of scurvy, a disease very common among sailors, soldiers, explorers and missionaries. There is an acute bleeding of the gums, teeth, bone fragility, joint pain, irritability, general fatigue, hair loss, skin dehydration, mental depression, anemia and pronounced decrease in body strength.
As are possible bleeding complications, including cerebral hemorrhage, and nasal pericardiace, including vitamin C should be treated with great care to avoid lethal phases, with death imminent.
Bell peppers, fresh sources of vitamin
Natural sources of vitamin C are both plant and animal.
- Vegetable sources are found primarily in vegetables, such as: bell peppers (green, yellow and red), raw cabbage (white and red), broccoli, cauliflower, kale, spinach, lettuce, sorrel, parsley, dill, tomato, tarragon, potatoes, some varieties of radishes, horseradish, mustard and green peas. In fruits, the highest content is found in citrus fruits (lemons, oranges, tangerines, grapfruturi), then buckthorn, currant (black and red), raspberries, strawberries, strawberry, blackberry, horns, rosehip, blueberries, gooseberries, kiwi , papaya and melon. At a lower dose is found in apples, pears, apricots, grapes, bananas and black currants.
- Animal sources are liver, kidney, brain, heart and milk.
It is true that in these sources, vitamin C is destroyed by cooking, storage or exposure to light and therefore recommends eating fresh or after storage by freezing.
This vitamin is eliminated rapidly by the kidney, it is stored intact in the body and causes no risk of vitamin toxicity. However, it is risky intention of parents to manage children ascobic massive amounts of acid at the thought of acquiring an enhanced smart. It indicates caution in the use of this vitamin, as are some possible health disorders such as kidney stones generate symptoms of diarrhea and increased blood concentration of silica.
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